A GLANCE AT ESTONIA

The 20-th of August is the day of the re-establishment of the independence in Estonia.

Mass-media have communicated that the alkohol bevarages maybe will be prohibited at this Holiday. The alkohol has became a great problem in Estonia – the Estonian politicians propagate the insane mode of life, the publicity of alkohol is everywhere. The "Õllesummer" festival (the beer festival) is the occasion when many persons get drunk toghether listenign the music and after they vomite together and feel bad together.

The holiday begins at 21.00 o’clock at the "Song’s field" of Tallinn. There will sing the 3 famous Estonian choirs. All visitors will have a possibility to sing all together and the choir dirigent will guide them.

It seems that the national feelings become to grow in Estonia – the country suffer the interferences of other counties and even today’s president is an American born in Sveden.

The entry is free.

Now (from 5 till 10 August) the Nordic-Baltic Choir Festival is going on at Tartu. More information can be seen at the next link: http://www.kooriyhing.ee/eng/events/festivals/nbcf . How You can see, Estonia is a singing country.

From 8 till 17 of August in Tallin at the ruins of the Pirita Convent (The Convent of St. Bridget) will be held the Birgitta’s festival. This Convent was the largest Convent of Old Livonia and it is a typical example of late Gothic churches in Tallinn. It was established in 1407 and distroyed in the second half of the 16-th century.

The Raepress have communicated the programm: ballet ("The swans’ lake" of Chaikonkij and "Shaherizade" of Rimskij-Korsakov), operas of Mascagno, Leoncavallo e Donizzetti, flamenco dance in "Don Juan", Orff and Verdi, the musical symbiosis of Gidon Cremer and Cremerata Baltica and a lot of other perfomances.

There take part the new Moscow Opera, the mixed chorus "Latvija", the Russian Imperial Ballet, the Orchestra of the Estonian State, the children male chorus of Tallinn, the soloists Peebo, Juhan Trala, Heli Veskus, Richard Hjung-ki Dju.

The Estonian juvenile Orchestra and the studio "Lasteekraan" (screen for children) have prepared the special programm for children.

On the 15 of August will be held a free day (a day without paying) for the families.

The prices are: 160-470 krones in advacne sale, 190-550 at place, VIP-ticket 1500 krones (one euro is about 15 krones).

The link to the program of festival:

http://www.birgitta.ee/2008/?page=concerts

The importantest events of the history of Estonia in the light of European events.

The sources of information used: “Cronaca del XX secolo” (“ Chronicle of XX century”)– Mondolibri S.p.a. 1999;  “Eesti ajalugu” (History of Estonia) – Andres Adamson, Sulev Valdmaa – Koolibri 2001; http://militera.lib.ru/opinions/0017.html Konstantinov Sergej “The variant of force was not sole possible. “Occupation” of Baltic states as a product of politcal mythology”  (“Силовой вариант не был единственным. "Оккупация" Прибалтики 1940 года как продукт политического мифотворчества”).

The dates are indicated in the European sistem: day / mounth / year.

***

1030 – the duce Jaroslav Sage conquested the small country town Tartu and built the fortress named Jurjev.

1219 – the king of Denmark Valdemar II conquested Tallinn and the north of Estonia.
 
1343 - 1345 – the rivolt of the night of Juri.

1561 – Sveden conquested Tallinn and the north of Estonia, a small part of Estonia was conquested by Poland. The Saaremaa island was conquested by Denmark.

1583 – the south of Estonia was conquested  by Poland.

1583 – the north of Estonia was conquested by Sveden.

1632 – the first univestity was open in Tartu.

1645 – Sveden conquested almost all territory of Estonia (except Setumaa).

1671 – the sistem of serfdone was introduced by general-governor Klas Totti.

1704 – Russia conquested the north of Estonia.

1721 – Russia bought Estonia from Sveden. The privileged language remained Deutch.
 
1816 – the end of the serfdone in Estonia.

7/05/1905 – Norway became indipendent of Sveden after a referendum. 

1905-1907 – the first Socialist revolution in Estonia (and in Russia).

1914 – beggining of the First World war.

1917, October – the second socialist revolution in Estonia (and in Russia), in result  Estonia became an autonomous Governorate of the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic), for the first time in the history the national Estonian army was created, for the first time in the history one Estonian man became the governor - (Jaan) Poska became the Commissar of Governorate. Russia was proclaimed as the first Socialist Revolutionary State in the world.

1917, October – the Executive Soviet Commitee led by Jaan Anvelt (Estonian) came into power in Estonia, the Military-Revolutionary Commitee led by Viktor Kingisepp (Estonian) and Ivan Rabstcinskij (Russian or Jewish) was created too. The land, banks and enterprises were nationalized, the free expression was limited, but the parties of opposition continued their work. The “red terror” didn’t exist.

15/11/1917 – the Maapäev Union procalimed itself a only suprem authority in Estonia, but the bolsheviks repressed it, the leader Jaan Tõnisson (Estonian) was sent out of  Estonia.

1917, November – there was the election into the Constitutive Assembly in Russia (the RSFSR) and the Estonian citizens took part in it and voted for bolsheviks mostly (at Tallin 47%, at Narva 67%,  soldiers of the army - 60% of votes). But in Russia the bolsheviks got only ¼ of the votes. 

4/12/1917 – Finland proclaimed the independence of Russia.

9/02/1918 – tne “peace of bread” of Brest-Litovsk. Ucraina was recognized independent of Russia and was obliged to send foodstuffs to Germany, Austria, Ungary and Bulgary.

23-24/02/1918 – the Maapäev Union published the Manifest to all peoples of Estonia (Manifest kõigile Eestimaa rahvastele) and proclaimed the democratic idependent Republic of Estonia. All people registered in the local inhabitants’ registers before 24/02/1918, independently of nationality and faith, received the right to citizenship of Estonia.

25/02/1918 – Germany occupied Estonia and other Baltic States and created the dukedom of Germany composed of Estonia, Lativa and Litva.

3/03/1918 – peace of Brest-Litovsk. Russia renounced a right to Estonia, Finland, Liflandia, Ucraina, Giorgia, losing 27% of the territory. Ucraina became independend.

16/07/1918 – the Russian Tsar was assassinated.

4/09/1918 – Finland became an independent state on the basis of the right of self-deternination.

1918, November – revolution in Germany. New states appeared in Europe, the old one were reformed – monarchy became republic.

11/11/1918 – the temporary Government came into power in Estonia.
28/11/1918 – the war for independend began in Estonia. The Labour Community led by Jaan Anvelt (Estonian) was created at Narva.

1919, April – the socialists and workes were voted by overwhelming majority on the election into Constitutive Assembly in Estonia.

28/06/1919 – the peace treaty of Versaille was the official end of the Second World War.

2/02/1920 – the peace treaty of Tartu between Estonia and Russia/RSFSR (more exactly, Russia was represented by temporary Government of bolsheviks who  were at war with anticommunist and legal Russian Government with the aim to intoduce the communist regime). This treaty was very advantegeous for Estonia: the bolsheviks renounced a right to Estonia forever and recognized its independence, Estonia was recognized free of all engagements and debts, Estonia received from Russia 11,6 tons of gold  – 15 millions of gold roubles.  With this treaty for the first time in the history the borders of Estonia and its territory were defined. Estonia got even some Russian territories (later a part of this territories were given back to Russia). This treaty is also called the Certificate of birth of Estonia.
After the signing of this peace treaty Estonia helped to the bolsheviks to exterminate the "white" army - a Russian army which fought against the bolsceviks. Thus Estonia helped the bolsceviks' power strengthening and the communism developing in Russia.

14/10/1920 – the peace treaty between the RSFSR and Finland, the RSFSR (bolsceviki) recognized the independence of Finland.

17/11/1920 – the end of the civil war in the RSFSR, the bolsceviks won definitively. 

16/04/1922 – the Rapallo treaty, the RSFSR is recognized on international juridical level.

30/12/1922 – the USSR was created (Union of the Soviet Socialistic Republics), ½ of its inhabitants were not Russian.

1924 – socialists/communists tried to seize power in Estonia.

1930 and later – the presidents of Estonia, Latvia and Litva collaborated with the USSR and was paid for this. An Estonian historican Magnus Ilmjärv have recently found some documents which attest the collaboration and the activity like soviet agents of three presidents. Some documents attest that the presidents became the dictators with a help of the USSR.

1932 – the treaty of non-agression of USSR – France – Poland – Finland – Latvia – Estonia.

30/01/1933 – Hitler seized power and formed the dictatorial regime of Nazism in Germany.

1933 – the dictatorial regimes appear in almost all European countries.

1933 – the treaty of non-aggression of the USSR and Italia.

4/04/1934 – the terms of the USSR and the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) treaty of non-aggression ware prolonged for 10 years. The USSR confirmed the absence of the pretences in the questions of previous treaties.

1934 – Konstantin Päts became the dictator of Estonia and formed the regime of repression and persecution against opponents or simply unpleasent persons (including the poor). This period of dictatorship is called the “taciturn period”.
 
1934 – the treaty of non-aggression of Germany and Poland, the treaty of Balcans and other treaties around the world are signed.

12/09/1934 – the treaty of collaboration of the Baltic States.

1935 - all the parties were prohibited except "Isamaaliit" (The Union of the fatherland).

1936 – 1939 – the civil war in Spain, finished with the victory of Fascists.

1936 – the anti-Comintern treaty of Germany, Italy and Japan.

1937 – the war between Japan and Cina began.

15/03/1939 – Germany occupied Cecoslovacchia.

23/03/1939 – with the permittion of Lituania Germany annexed Memel.

24/03/1939 – the treaty of help between France and Great Britain was signed.

31/03/1939 – Great Britain promiced to give help to Poland in case of Germany’s aggression.

7/04/1939 – Italy occupied Albania.

28/04/1939 – Germany annuled the treaty of non-aggression signed with Poland.

19/05/1939 – the secret military treaty of France and Poland.

22/05/1939 -  the “ steel” treaty of Italy and Germany.

7/06/1939 – the treaty of non aggression between Estonia and Germany.

23/08/1939 – the treaty of Molotv – Ribentropp (the USSR – Germany) of non-aggression. In the secret protocols Estonia, Finland and other Baltic States was defined as a zone of influence of the USSR.

30/08/1939 – the mobilization in Poland.

1/09/1939 – the beginning of the Second World War. Germany attacked Poland.

3/09/1939 – Great Britain and France announced the war to Germany.

17/09/1939 – the Soviet army entered in Poland.

24/09/1939 – Estonia violated the neutrality in the war (the accident with the Polish submarine “Orzel”) and, consequently, the USSR required to sign a new bilateral treaty of collaboration. Estonia recognized one’s fault and began a collaboration.

27/09/1939 – the Government of Poland in exile transferred to Paris.

28/09/1939 – tne bilateral treaty of collaboration between Estonia and the USSR was signed. This treaty provided for establishment of militar bases of USSR (25.000 soldiers) in Estonia in exchange for payments. This treaty helped to Estonia to solv the grave economical problems wich were derived from war and consequent cessation of contacts with other countries. The USSR didn’t attack Estonia and didn’t  interfere into its internal affairs – Estonia continued to be an indpependent and sovereign state.
In the light of the Hitler’s theories, which indicate the small peoples like parasite rice that must be exterminated, Estonia was wery interested in receiving the USSR’s help.
The president-dictator Päts had all the possibilities to issue the act of  capitulation or the act of surrender of the country, if there would some irregularity of the USSR. But these acts wasn’t issued.
It’s right to say that the motivation of the bases was the same that uses the USA and NATO today: the common security.

5/10/1939 – the bilateral treaty Latvia- the USSR.

10/10/1939 - the bilateral treaty Lithuania - the USSR.

18/10/1939 – the beginning of the creation of the USSR’s bases in Estonia, the first soldiers arrived in Estonia. The Estonian Government and Estonian people met very cordially the USSR’s army, there was organized a special ceremony of greetings. Some Estonians shouted “Hurrah Stalin!” and other slogans of communist content. There were neither victims nor conflicts.
The USSR paid the rent and the medical and other services to Estonia. The soviet soldiers might not contact the Estonian communists.
Today some extremist-fanatics assert that it was the beggining of the occupation of Estonia.

1939, October – Hilter called all Germanians to repatriate from Estonia.
 
30/11/1939 – the USSR attacked Finland.

12/03/1940 – the peace treaty between the USSR – Finland was signed. Later, when Germany attacked the USSR, Finland took a part in the war as a Hitler’s ally.

1940, April - june – Danmark surrendered, France was occupied, the neutral countries Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg were attacked and occupied, Norway was capitulated.

10/06/1940 -  Italia entered into the war.

14/06/1940 – the USSR accused Lithuania of activity against the USSR, of sabotage of the treaty of non-aggression and of secret negotiations with Germany, and presented an ultimatum. The ultimatum asked for permission to increase the quantity of soviet soldiers in Lithuania and ordered to create a new government that could observ the previous treaty efficiently. The president-dictator of Lithuania Antanas Smetona gave his agreement to observ the ultimatum but after he fled into exile.

16/06/1940 - the USSR accused Latvia and Estonia of activity against the USSR, of sabotage of the treaty of non-aggression and of secret negotiations with Germany, and presented an ultimatum. The ultimatum asked for permission to increase the quantity of soviet soldiers in Latvia and Estonia and ordered to create a new government that could observ the previous treaty efficiently. The presidents-dictators gave their agreement to observ the ultimatum, neither of them issued the acts of capitulation or surrender, neither of them fled or formed the government in exile. The USSR was permitted to introduce the extra soldiers and the presidents collaborated with the USSR vivaciously.

17/06/1940 – the extra soviet soldiers were entered in Estonia (about 80.000). Even this time the Estonians met the soviet soldiers very cordially.
The Estonian general Johann Laidonner issued the order which permitted to soviet soldiers to control the means of communication, prohibited demonstrations and meetings. The simple citizens and militarized organizations were disarmed. The president – dictator Päts composed a new Government, Johann Vares-Barbarus (Estonian) was assigned to lead this new Government.
This date is used by some extremists-fanatics like the date of “occupation” – these fanatics omit to precise that the president didn’t essue the act of surrender (it was a duty of president in case of occupation) and actively colaborated with the USSR. The general Laidoner collaborated too.

18/06/1940 – the French general Charle de Golle created the commitee “For Free France”. The fact that no one Estonian created such a Commitee attests that the Estonians didn’t see any occupation or problem with their rights.

21/06/1940 – the dictator Päts announced the names of members of new Government composed by himself. The Estonians (communist and who didn’t like the dictatorial regime) organized the demonstrations of protest which became a disorder. The Estonians required to stop the dictatorship and to form the soviet Government by voting. To the Pikk Herman tower was put a red flag. The Estonians hoped in help of sovier army, but the soviet army helped the Estonian dictator and his Government. The soldiers repressed the demonstration and put back the Estonian flag to the tower.
This event is called the third socialist revolution.
It’s necessary to precise that the dictatorial regime was very injust and infamous, the people was very repressed. 

21/06 – 21/07/ 1940 – the dictator Päts and the head of new government  Johann Vares issued 126 orders, 34 lows - decrees, 4 lows. The diplomatics, the oublic officers and the simple citizens collaborated with the new Government actively. The embassies continued their work normally.

1940, the beginning of june – the dictator and his Government dissolved Parliament and announced a new election. The Union of the working of Estonia (Eesti Töötava Rahva Liit) was voted at 92,9 % of votes.

21/06/1940 – at the first sitting of Parliament Estonia was proclaimed the Socialist Republic by a unanimous vote.

22/06/1940 – the declaration of entry into the USSR.  

26/07/1940 – the “Times” of London specified that the unanimous decision to join to the USSR reflect not the Moscow pressure but the cincere comprehension of the only better alternative of Nazi Europa.

6/08/1940 – the USSR confirmed the entry of Estonia. The Estonian Parliament was trasformed into the Suprem Council headed by Joannes Vares (Estonian); the Government became the Council of Commissars of the people – it was headed by Johannes Lauristin (Estonian). The communist party was headed by Karl Säre (Estonian). All inhabitants received the citizenship without any discrimination.
It’s necessary to specify that all local authorities was composed of local Estonians and not Russians. Some Estonian communists lie with the aim to evoid the responsibility of compiled crimes when assert than authorities were composed of Russians or Russian communists.
The banks, the interprises, the land were nationalized, the poor received some land, there were happy and unhappy people.
The Estonian army entered into the soviet army and became a part of soviet army. This fact proves the absence of the situation of occupation or annextion.
The dictator Päts and general Laidonner were sent to Russia, inicially they received a pension but they were imprisonned after the Hitler attacked the USSR. Thet dead in the USSR in the prison. 

12/08/1940 – Germany attacked Great Britain.

14/06/1941 – the first deportation to Siberia was organized in the Societ Republic of Estonia and in the Republics of Latvia and Lithuania.
A part of popolation hid in the forests.
This deportation was organized by local Estonian Government and local communist and not by Russian communists – the Estonian and the Russian Governments collaborated in the crime. Nobody of members of Estonian authorities protested, nobody had the idea to part with USSR, therewith they extermianted their personal enemies and opponent and appropriated their personal proprety and real estate.

22/06/1941 – Germany attacked the USSR.

7/07/1941 - 1944 – the Nazi’s occupation of Estonian Soviet Republic. Another part of population hid in the forests and a part of them began fighting against Nazis. The former part of hidden in the forests - who was hid during the communist repression – formed the groups called “the forestal brothers” and began to exterminate the communists-socialists and their families, the sympathizer of communist ideas, the political opponents and the peaceful population. A part of them created the military organization “Self-defence” (Omakaitse) and very many of them joined a Vaffen SS brigades.
After the finish of the war a lot of Estonian Nazis hid in the forests trying to evoid the punishment for own crimes. They formed the bandit brigades, robbed, killed and terrorized the civil population – some of them were doing the fight against communism but the victims were mostly innocent civil citizen.
Today’s politicians name “the forestal brothers” all groups of  the persons who were hiding in the forests – without making any difference among the victims of Nazis, the victims of communists, Nazis and anti-Nazis – and call them “the fighters for freedom of Estonia”. Such a trick is used to justify the crimes of Estonian Nazis.
A lot of Estonians joined voluntarily a Vaffen SS brgades and the Nazi army and compiled the crimes following the Hitler’s ideology and exterminating the Estonian Jewish, the Jewish of other countries and the parasite-Estonians. Estonia was proclaimed the first (and only) country “free from the Jewish”.
The battalion “Erna” composed of Estonian Nazis arrived from Finland. This battalion had compiled a particularly brutal and bloody crimes against peaceful popolation of Estonia.
The Estonian Nazis wasn’t punished after the war and Estonia wasn’t denazified enough - that’s why today we can see the glorification of Nazism and Fascism in Estonia. Today’s Estonian government call the Nazis “the liberators of Estonia” and “the fighters for Estonian’s independence” – it’s the terrifying demagogy. Some Estonian politicians have declared that Estonia was an ally of Hitler.
It’s necessary to specify that Hitler had done the forced mobilization of Estonian population into Nazi army – that’s why is necessary to distinguish between volunteers and victims.
 

11/12/1941 – Hitler announced the war to the USA.

1944 - September – the Soviet Republic of Estonia was liberated from Nazis.  Some historicals assert that a little time before liberation some hypothetical Estonian Government  would have been created by Juri Oluots (Estonian – ex-Prime Minister of dictatorial regime) and Otto Tief (the name is German – the man was taking part in Government of dictatorial regime). This hypothetical Government would had been created for “restore the independence of Estonia” (to part with the USSR?) but the population didn’t know anything about this “Government” and the “Government” had never asked to part with USSR oficially. This “Government” used the Nazi flag.
After the liberation from Nazis the previous Estonian Government was restored and headed by Johann Vares, Eduard Päll (Estone) became a head from 1946. All importantest positions were always accupated by Estonians and not by Russian.

1944-1953 – the Estonian Nazis hid in the forests trying to avoid the punishment for their crimes. These “forestal brothers” formed several bandit brigades and robbed the food, the clothes and the objects of primary neccesity from the civil population. Even the children were killed. Today’s Estonian Government and politicians call these bandit organisations “The movement af resistance” and “the fighters for liberty” glorifying with this the Nazi crimes and ideology, and the crimes commited against Estonian people.

7/05/1945 – Germany signed the act of capitulation, which took a power the next day – the 8 of May.

25/03/1949 – the second deportations of the Estonians into Siberia, the victims are mostly the well-off paesans and the intellectual. The forests was cleand of bandits too.

5/03/1953 – the death of Stalin.

12/02/1974 – a famous write Aleksandr Solzenitsin (dissident, author of the books  “Archipelago Gulag”, “One day of Ivan Denisovits”) was sent out of the  USSR.

1980-th years – the crisis in the development of the USSR. Almost all intellectual persons were presecuted and nobody was capable to elaborate a programm of development. The socialism was created and nobody new how to trasform it into communism.

1985 – Gorbaciov began the “perestroika” – “reconstruction”. There was a revival of national feelengs in Estonia.

16/11/1988 – declaration of the independence of the USSR. The Russian people living in the north-est of Estonia on the ancient Russian territory requested for the autonomy and independence of Estonia, but the Estonian Government repressed this people meaning that the right to self-determination had only Estonian people. Today this people live under the grave discrimination and segregation, deprived of the human rights and dignity.

23/08/1989 – the peoples of Estonia, Latvia e Lithuania formed a “living chain” 600 km long and composed of 2 million of persons.

3/03/1991 – referendum on a question of independence. 77,8% of voted persons voted for independence (parting with the USSR). This referendum was the last democratic referendum in Estonia: after the USSR crashing a part of citizens was illegally deprived of right to vote and the Russian-speaking part of the Estonian citizens wasn’t more sufficiently informed about referendums and other important social events.

20/08/1991 – the socialist Estonian Government proclaimed the indepemdence of the USSR.

24/08/1991 – Russia recognized the independence of the USSR.

6/09/1991 – the USSR recognized the independence of Estonia.
 
28/06/1992 – the referendum on a question of the new Constitution of Estonia, a part of citizens may not vote. The new constitution was made like Constitution of dictatorial regime of 1939, the independence of three powers wasn’t guaranteed. There wasn’t any public control permitted over the counting of the votes - that’s why a lot of people are sure that the results was falsified. In the voting took part only 66% of citizens having a right to vote – the people began to understand that the Government is not honest.
The Constitution omit to indicate the existance of the Russian-speaking Estonians and to protect their rights and liberties. Before today the Russian-speaking Estonians are discriminated.

1992 – it was formed a new Government completely composed of ex-members of communist party and some foreigners (the foreignes in the Government showed explicitly that Estonia was under the interference and pressure of other countries, one of these – the USA). Estonia have never become really free. The presence of the foreigners in the Government have influenced politics and  choices and have caused a great damage to the country. The today’s president of Estonia is an American born in Sweden (Tomas Hindrek Ilves) and it is the sad truth.
In 1992 the State properties was denazionalized and the most of them were taken by politicians and their relatives and friends. Some citizens were not allowed to partecipate. The works and entreprises were closed and the brothel, the prostitutes’ houses, casino and discoteques were created instead of it. There were created the trafficking of the women and children, organized paedophily and prostitution, trafficking of arms and drugs, organised criminality, mafia-type bandit brigade. The women is seen only as an object of prostitution without dignity. In the soviet time these types of criminality didn’t exist and politicians and their foreign accompliced became very rich with its creating and developing.
Only a few people try to protect the values of family and moral.
The low is made in basis of the lows of 1939 and doesn’t protect the citizens against the modern crimes.  Now the European Union helps to Estonian citizen obliging the Estonian Government to renew the low and accept the modern low.
A substantial group of population, who was trasferred into Estonia in the soviet time and who was a real victim of socialism/communism and its politics, was deprived of right to citizenship, even if they live all life long or are born in Estonia (paying the taxes to Estonia). The Govrnment calls these people with a nick “Alien”. For these people the communism continues till today.
It’s possible to say that European Union protects the Estonian citizens against the Estonian Government (against the crimes of the Estonian Government).

1994 – the wreck of the ship “Estonia”. The Estonian Governments blocks the inqiries, the mass-media have told that there the nuclear wesapons were trafficked and some members of Government orgnized it.

31/08/1994 – the last parts od the soviet army leave Estonia (“Soviet army” doesn’t mean “Russian army” but the international army af all Republics of the USSR including the Estonians).

1995 – a greate scandal with the president’s nieces: two girls organized  several orgy in the Palace of president. A big group of teenagers drank alcohol bevarages, used the drugs and urinated to the flag of Estonia. This case shows the moral qualities of persons who have (seized) the power in Estonia.
It’s no possible to know whether there was a process or not, whether the teenagers were re-educated by social workers or payed the damage.

16/07/1997 – the European commision effered to Estonia and other 5 countries to began the talks about entry into European Union.

2004 – Estonia entered into European Union in basis of an irregular undemocratic referendum.

Estonia is a very small Baltic country entered into the European Union in 2004. Estonia covers a territory of only 45,226 sq km and there are only 1.342.409 inhabitants (data of 2007) – less than in some European cities and towns. Estonia's population ranks among the smallest in the world.
Estonia stretches 350 km from east to west and 240 km from north to south. Estonia borders Russia in the north and west and Latvia in the south. Finland is at a distance of 85 km on the opposite shore of the Gulf of Finland of Baltic sea.
Estonia is at the same latitude in Europe as central Sweden and the northern tip of Scotland.

The most part of surface is relatively flat — almost two thirds of the territory lies less than 50 m above sea level. The highest point is the mountain Munamägi (Mountain - Egg, the name corrispondes with the form) 317 m above sea level, in the southeast of the country.

There are more than 1500 lakes (about 1/10 part of the territory) and more than 1000 islands (about 1/20 part of the territory) in Estonia. The biggest in size island is Saaremaa island (2900 sq. km), the second is Hiiumaa island, follow Muhu and Vormsi.

The islands and coastal areas of Estonia are on the migratory route for waterfowl. In spring and autumn incalculable quantity of birds stop in Estonia.
The largest of lakes is the lake Peipsi (name in Estonian) – Chudzkoe (name in Russian), which is the fourth largest freshwater lake in Europe, it is situated on the border with Russia.

The biggest city is Tallinn - Estonia's capital, it’s well-preserved medieval city. There are about 400.000 inhabitants in Tallinn. Other important towns are Tartu (about 101 140 inhabitants), Pärnu (about 45 040 inhabitants) , Narva (68 117) and Kohtla – Järve (45 500) . The country is divided into 15 counties and there are 47 towns.

Estonian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family, it’s radiccaly different from Russian and from other Baltic languages (Latvian and Lituanian). Estonian is written in the Roman alphabet and not in Cyrillic one, there are some more letters than in English: ä, ö, õ, ü. Estonian and Finnish resembles one another. Ungarian is very unlike. There are two dialects – the southern and the northern.

The Estonian coat of arms was officially accepted in 1925 – the three blue lions on a gold shield circled by two gold oak’s branches. In heraldy the lion is the symbol of courage and authority, of power and nobility. For the first time the image of lions was used in 1219 (during the Danish dominion) as part of the coat of arms of the city of Tallinn.
 

The Estonian flag is composed with three strips: black, blue and white – these are the national and folk colors of Estonia. Just in the ancient times sacred trees were decorated with ribbons in these colors. In 1881 the Estonian Students' Union adopted blue, black and white as the colours of their movement for independece and at the end of that century the colours became the symbol of the nation. In 1920 these colors became the offical national flag.
The blue color means the sky and loyalty to one's homeland, the black color means the soil and laboriousness, tbe white one – purity, simplicity and light future.

Estonia and Finland are united with the anthemn - the tune for the both national anthems is identical and was written by Finnish composer Frederick Pacius. The words were written by Johan Voldemar Jannsen – the father of famous Estonian poetess Lidia Koidula.

 The Estonian national flower is the cornflower (blue color), the national bird is the swallow (black and white colors) and the national stone is the limestone.
During the Soviet times, from 1940 to 1991, the Estonian national symbols were prohibited, the specially created Soviet Estonians symbols were used – that’s why many Estonians hate the Soviet symbols in every its form.

Estonia is the border between east and west, the crossing of different cultures – eastern and western. The most of Estonians are spiritually tied with Scandinavia, because the Estonian and other Scaninavian nations have the same origin, because their culture and national traditions resembles each other and have many common elements; in the past Finland and Norway were under dominion of the Svedish Kingdom – like Estonia was too.

The history of Estonia is the history of wars, of slavory and of fight for freedom and independence. From beginning Estonia was under dominion of other peoples, which were bigger and stronger, for example Estonia was under Danish, Sveden, Poland, Germany and Russia.

The Estonian national epos “Kalevipoeg” (“The son of Kalev”), gathered and published by Friedrich Reihhold Kreutzvald (Vindri Roin Ristmets) in 1853-1867, tells about these eternal fight (literal translation):

"See! In the deep forest under the cover of trees,
Under the cover of trees, in the shadow of shrubs,
Under the mouring edges of alder,
Under protection of sad birch,
Stay 7 hills of death,
Seven moss-covered beds…
…
The first is the bed of anxiety of harm,
The second one is in the chains of slavery,
The third one is in the exhaustion of war,
The forth one is in the torture of hunger,
The firth one is in the days of extreme poverty,
The seventh one is under the plage-death.
The eighth one in the epidemic of murders.
This is the existance of Estonia from antique times,
Before loving protection
Under the wing of Russian Goverment".

("Kalevipoeg", "Sissejuhatuseks" )

Some critics says that “Kalevipoeg” is too militar but it reflects the real history of Estonia and of the Estonians.
The name of Finnish epos “Kalevala” resembles the name of Estonian epos “Kalevipoeg”, but the meaning and contents are different (“Kalevala” means “The land of Kalevs”). The “Kalevala” reflects the history and life of Finnish people.

From 1721 to 1918 Estonia was under dominion of Russia, but the privileged language was German.
The Estonian writer Oscar Luts has described this situation with many humor and spirits in his books “Spring” (Kevade) and “Summer” (Suvi), showing the life of Estonians, their discrimination and oppression, hatred of Estonian children to privileged German children, cultural values of the Estonians.

The Estonians have organized two socialist revolutions – in 1905 and 1917, like in Russia. In the past Estonia was a very poor country and the Estonians had some hope to improve their life using the communist/socialist ideas. In 1920 Estonia became the independent country for the first time in own history and for the first time were defined its borders and territory.
In 1940 after the special request of Parliament of Estonia, Estonia entered into the Soviet Union and the Estonians had suffered all communist repression. It’s necessary to specify that the crimes against people were compiled by local Estonian communists and by local Estonian Soviet Government – Estonian and Russian communists joined in compiling their crimes. Unfortunately, nobody of Estonian communist-criminals was punished/condamned. Now Estonia ask from Russia to condamn the Russian communists, omitting to condman first the Estonian ones – what could be a nice example.

The fact of union with the Soviet Union is used today for political speculation and manipulation owing aim to creat the racial hatred and intollerance between the inhabitants and to discriminate the Russian-speaking part of the population. The Estonian Government has proclaim that the entry into the Soviet Union was an occupation, fogotting the all-European condition of the times before the Second World War (Hitler had defined the Estonians as a parasite race that must be exterminated), the collaboration of dictator Konstantin Päts with the USSR from 1930 and  the request of Estonia to join with the USSR based on political and financial interests.
It’s very difficult to qualify exactly the entry of Estonia in the USSR – there are the free expression of the Estonians and the pressures of the USSR, the Estonians had organized three socialist revolutions and have fought a lot with the aim to form the communism. It’s possible to hear the following definitions of the presumed occupation: “the paceful occupation based on free expression and will of the Estonian nation, in basis of the right of people to self-determination”. Sometimes this entry is called as annextion.
Seeing all facts of the European and world history, if we want to use the term “occupation” it’s necessary to ricognize and diclare uficcially an occupation of Afganistan, Irak and Kosovo by Nato, the arriving occupation of Czech and Poland by USA (building of the militar bases) – otherwise we have inadequate and ambiguous treatment of the facts. Seen that there are the American and Nato military bases in Italy and in other countries, it’s necessary to ricognize the occupation of Italia and other countries by USA/Nato.

During the Second World War the Estonians had suffered the repression of German Army. A part of the Estonians entered voluntarily, willingly and following the “call of the heart”, into the German Army’s  Waffen SS brigades. Estonia became the first Jewish-free country in the world and the Estonian Nazis declared this as great success. This fact is the shamefullest event in the history of Estonia. Unfortunately, the Estonian Nazis weren’t judged or condamned  by international court after the War – that’s why some Nazi and Fascist’s ideas flourish in Estonia today. Some politicians declare that Estonia had taken  part in the War as a Hitler’s allied… The today’s government of Estonia have forgotten that the Estonians were only “week and parasite rice” for Hitler and glorify the crimes of members of the Waffen SS brigades, Estonian Nazis criminals were proclaimed  “fighters for liberty of Estonia” (fogotting that the Estonian Nazis of Waffen SS compiled their crimes in Ucraina and Belorussia and that the Hitler didn’t absolutely foresee the liberty and freedom for Estonia, the real programm was: all Estonians exterminated and the “unnecessary” Germans transfered into Estonian territory). In the post-soviet time some pro-Nazi monuments were built in Estonia and the only anti-Nazi and anti-Fascist monument (the Bronz Soldier) was trasferred to some cimitery in 2007 – without referendum and in few days before 8-9 of May – the European days of anti-Fascist memory and the Victory day. The citizens had tried to protest peacefully against such a violation of the democracy's values (omission of referendum) and of all-European anti-Nazi ans anti-Fascist values. The Government used the force and brutality to repress the peaceful manifestation, so the peaseful manifestation became the famous disorder. There is only one anti-Nazi monument in Estonia and now it is situated in a cemetery – that shows explicitly the opinion of Estonian government about all-European values: the place of anti-Nazi values is in a cemetery and not in some public place!

The today’s Estonian Government uses some elements of Hitler’s ideology to persecute Russian-speaking inhabitants of Estonia, for example the idea of superiority of Estonian language above Russian and other languages, the idea of superiority of Estonian ethnic group above Russian ethnic group, the limitation of access to work and political activity for Russian-speaking citizens, the persecution of Russian-speaking citizen who make mistakes speaking Estonian at the working place (Russian teachers in the Russian schools who teach in Russian to Russian-speaking children are more persecuted)…
The Estonian Government have declared uficcially that in the 8 and 9 of May puts the flowers to “all fallen in the Second World War” – including Fascists and Nazis of Waffen SS brigades, glorifying the Nazis ideology.

There are two basic antique peoples in Estonia: the Estonians and the Russians. The Russians have been living in the northeast part of Estonia from the ancient times, there are some towns with Russian majority. Russian is the mother-tongue for about 30% of the population of Estonia. On the site of the Ministry of Population the part of indigenous Russians is indicated as “starovertsi” (translated from Russian it means “of old faith”).

From 1721 to 1918 Estonia was under the Russian dominion and the Russian community grew. The pact with Russia of 1920 defined the borders of Estonia for the first time in the history, Estonia receved some Russian territory too. Some of these territories was given back to Russia later, but some remains.
In the time of the Soviet Union a lot of citizens were trasferred from one part of the country to another one in according with order of the Soviet Estonian Government and the central Moscow Government. So, many Russian and Russian-speaking citizens came in Estonia to work and to live, and many Estonians were sent into the lager or to work in Russia or in other Soviet Republic.
The today’s Estonian Government doesn’t recognize the existance of the Russian part of the Estonian population and its antient roots. The Government declare the false that all Russians would only recently arrived strangers, like musulmans in Europe.  The Russians and Russian-speakings are exposed under discrimination, segregation, marginalization and assimilation. The people arrived in the soviet time that worked all they life long in Estonia and paid the taxes to Estonia, their children and  posterity are the real victims of the communist regime, but the today’s Russian and Estonian Governments doesn’t want to recognize these people as the victim of past regime. These people were deprived of right to citizenship and to participate in division of socialist property after the socialism crashing, there are some problem with rights to vote and participation in political and social life. All people, who had a chance to do it, had fled out from Estonia, today there are only realy local people having the long-time roots of living in Estonia remained there.
The situation in Estonia is very insane and injust – the victims of the socialism/communism are proclaimed guilty for the crimes of the socialist/communist Government, but the real criminals who compiled the crimes are impunished and take part in today’s government (!!!). There are many ex communists and ex members of the Communist Party in today’s Government in Estonia, the Government represses the citizens using the soviet time methods of repression. There are both the elements of Nazi and communist ideology in the methods of country ruling of Estonian Government– that’s why the situation is incredible and unbeleivable.

In 1991 after the USSR crashing the Soviet Estonian Government have decided to not ricognize the soviet period of Estonia and have proclaimed Estonia the heir of regime of dictatorship of 1939, denying all democratic and social values reached in the soviet time. This denial of progress and development has changed civilized and modern Estonia into a half-savage country. Particularly horrible changes are in the social and judical spheres, and in the sphere of violation of human rights. The reason of denial of socialist period may be the desire of the Estonian politics to elude the responsibility for the one’s crimes compiled in the soviet period.

The Russian-speaking part of the Estonian population is called the “Estonian Russians”. The Estonian Government promotes the politics of racial hatred and intollerance to Russian-speakings. The judical sistem is underdeveloped: the politicians who propagate the racial / linguistical hatred and insult other peoples are not never punished – what is rong here, the law is imperfect or the judges are omitting?
 
In 1869 in the Tartu city the first Song and Dance Holiday was organized (it may be called “Festival” too). This holiday became the cultural value for Estonian people. Some special large “Songs’ fileds” / “Fields for singing” / “Singing fields” (squares) were built for this holiday. Dozen of thousands singers, dancers and orchestras take parte in this holiday. Unfortunately the post-soviet Government doesn’t appreciate this antique and unique national holiday – the Government is more interested in sailing the beer in some beer festival than in defending the national and cultural traditions. You can never see the publicity of Song and Dance Holiday – but the pubblicity of “Õllesummer” (The summer of beer) You can see everywere! In any case for the Estonian people this holiday is of a great value and the people continue develope and protect this holiday.
In the recent time the Folclor Festival of Viljandi became famous too – this is a festival of traditional music of the different peoples. There are the Jazzkaar Festival – dedicated to jazz, the Hea Uus Heli (the Goog New Sounds) Festival – dedicated to alternative and sperimental music, and many other festivals in Estonia.

Estonia has a national sport – “kiiking” – the seesawing on the very high swing with aim to make a full circle. Higher the swing is – more difficult to do the circle.

After the crash of the USSR Estonia had a chance to become free and independent country, but the Estonian politicians had sold all industrial goods and structures to foreign adventurers, without thinking about the future. Now Estonia is in the economical slavery, the opression of Sweden, Finland, German and the USA is very heavy. The development of the country in the post-soviet time was oriented to prostitution, sex-tourism, alcohol, narcotics and other bad similar activities, which are prohibit in other countries. Almost all economy is destroied. The last rapport of ONU informs that 7% of population of Estonia suffer hunger and undernourushment.
The local Estonian businessmen havn’t any help from Estonian Government, because the Government is only interested to attract in Estonia some foreign investor-andventurer-speculators and to eliminate the local national production. The national business traditions was distroied.
It’s possible to buy only chemical, insane, long lasting bread in the plastic envelope – there are no more real bread in Estonia, Estonia became the country without real national bread. The same situation is with other food products and it is right to say that in Estonia is almost only junk food now. It’s not possible to find in Estonia some normal pure foods without chemical additives, surelly some pure foods is sold by few paesans but the prices are too high, that’s why the population, especially children, begin to have the serious problems with the health.

The Estonian-speaking Estonians and the Russian-speaking Estonians have been hoped than the entry into European Union could help to solv the grave situation of injustice and violation of human rights, but nothing changes yet. The Estonian Russians remain in the situation of segregation in Estonia and in the European Union too – Russian is not recognized as official language on either side. The Estonian Russian havn’t access to European and Estonian information and havn’t access to social life, to high-level study and to work. In the same situation are the Latvian Russian-speakings and we can say that Estonian and Lativan Russian-speakings are now discriminated and segregated peoples in the European Union.

The Estonian coat of arms:

The Estonian coat of arms of the soviet times: